Saturday, 17 December 2011

History of Protestantism

The Protestant Reformation of the aboriginal 16th aeon was an attack to ameliorate the Catholic Church. German theologian Martin Luther wrote his Ninety-Five Theses on the auction of indulgences in 1517. Parallel to contest in Germany, a movement began in Switzerland beneath the administration of Ulrich Zwingli. The political break of the Church of England from Rome beneath Henry VIII, alpha in 1529 and completed in 1536, brought England alongside this ample Reformed movement. The Scottish Reformation of 1560 actually shaped the Church of Scotland1 and, through it, all added Presbyterian churches worldwide.

Following the excommunication of Luther and accusation of the Reformation by the Pope, the assignment and writings of John Calvin were affecting in establishing a apart accord amid assorted groups in Switzerland, Scotland, Hungary, Germany and elsewhere. In the advance of this religious upheaval, the German Peasants' War of 1524–1525 swept through the Bavarian, Thuringian and Swabian principalities. The confessional analysis of the states of the Holy Roman Empire eventually erupted in the Thirty Years' War of 1618–1648. This larboard Germany attenuated and burst for added than two centuries, until the affinity of Germany beneath the German Empire of 1871.

The success of the Counter-Reformation on the Continent and the advance of a Puritan affair committed to added Protestant ameliorate polarized the Elizabethan Age, although it was not until the Civil War of the 1640s that England underwent religious affray commensurable to that which its neighbours had suffered some ancestors before.

The "Great Awakenings" were periods of accelerated and affecting religious awakening in Anglo-American religious history, about accustomed as alpha in the 1730s. They accept additionally been declared as alternate revolutions in colonial religious thought.

In the 20th century, Protestantism, abnormally in the United States, was characterized by accelerating fragmentation. The aeon saw the acceleration of both advanced and bourgeois splinter groups, as able-bodied as a accepted secularization of Western society. Notable developments in the 20th aeon of US Protestantism was the acceleration of Pentecostalism, Christian fundamentalism and Evangelicalism. While these movements accept agitated over to Europe to a bound degree, the development of Protestantism in Europe was added bedeviled by secularization, arch to an more "post-Christian Europe".

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